V8 Engine

A V8 engine is a V engine with eight cylinders mounted on the crankcase in two banks of four cylinders, in most cases set at a right angle to each other but sometimes at a narrower angle, with all eight pistons driving a common crankshaft. In its simplest form, it is basically two straight-4 engines sharing a common crankshaft. However, this simple configuration, with a single-plane crankshaft, has the same secondary dynamic imbalance problems as two straight-4s, resulting in vibrations in large engine displacements. As a result, since the 1920s most V8s have used the somewhat more complex crossplane crankshaft with heavy counterweights to eliminate the vibrations. This results in an engine which is smoother than a V6, while being considerably less expensive than a V12 engine. Most racing V8s continue to use the single plane crankshaft because it allows faster acceleration and more efficient exhaust system designs.

V12 Engine

A V12 engine is a V engine with 12 cylinders mounted on the crankcase in two banks of six cylinders, usually but not always at a 60° angle to each other, with all 12 pistons driving a common crankshaft.[1] Since each cylinder bank is essentially a straight-6, this configuration has perfect primary and secondary balance no matter which V angle is used and therefore needs no balance shafts. A V12 with two banks of six cylinders angled at 60°, 120° or 180° (with the latter configuration usually referred to as a flat-12) from each other has even firing with power pulses delivered twice as often per revolution as a straight-6. This allows for great refinement in a luxury car. In a racing car, the rotating parts can be made much lighter and thus more responsive, since there is no need to use counterweights on the crankshaft as is needed in a 90° V8 and less need for the inertial mass in a flywheel to smooth out the power delivery. In a large displacement, heavy-duty engine, a V12 can run slower than smaller engines, prolonging engine life.

Nissan Skyline

Nissan Skyline (スカイライン dalam bahasa Jepang) adalah deretan mobil kompak, mobil sport dan mobil kompak mewah yang awalnya diproduksi oleh Prince Motor Company pada tahun 1957, setelah itu Nissan Motor Company ketika kedua perusahaan itu bergabung pada tahun 1966. Setelah bergabung, Nissan Skyline dan saudara besarnya, Nissan Gloria, dijual di Jepang di dealership yang bernama Nissan Prince Shop. Saat ini tersedia dengan model tubuh coupé atau sedan, dan yang paling sering dikenal dengan lampu rem berbentuk lingkaran (per 1972), sedangkan model tubuh station wagon dihilangkan pada tahun 1989 dengan pengenalan platform R32. Iterasi dari Skyline R30 ke Skyline R34 masih menjadi mobil tuner populer untuk penggemar mobil Jepang dari tahun 1980 sampai saat ini, terutama dengan fitur yang tersedia seperti mesin straight-6, turbocharger, dan GT-R yang berperforma tinggi. Meskipun tidak didistribusikan di Amerika Serikat, ketenaran Skyline dalam video game, film dan majalah mengakibatkan mobil tersebut banyak yang diimpor sana dari tahun 1999 sampai akhir tahun 2005, setelah Motorex mengajukan petisi kepada National Highway Traffic Safety Administration untuk memungkinkan 1990-1999 GT-R dan GTS harus diimpor, pada kondisi bahwa mereka dimodifikasi untuk memenuhi United States Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards.